Marie Curie (born Maria Skłodowska, November 7, 1867 – July 4, 1934) was a Polish and naturalized-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the only woman to win the Nobel Prize twice, and the only person to win the Nobel Prize in two different scientific fields.
Her achievements include the development of the theory of radioactivity (a term she coined), techniques for isolating radioactive isotopes, and the discovery of two elements, polonium and radium. Under her direction, the first studies were conducted into the treatment of neoplasms using radioactive isotopes.
During World War I, she developed mobile radiography units to provide X-ray services to field hospitals. She founded the Curie Institutes in Paris and Warsaw, which remain major centres of medical research today.
Despite the dangers of radiation exposure being largely unknown during her time, she worked tirelessly with radioactive materials throughout her career. She died of aplastic anaemia caused by exposure to radiation in the course of her scientific research.
Marie Curie's legacy extends beyond her scientific achievements. She remains an inspiration for women in science and a symbol of dedication, perseverance, and the pursuit of knowledge. Her work laid the foundation for modern nuclear physics and has had a profound impact on medicine.
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